CHSL 2024 Prelims History Part 2
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Exam | CHSL (Prelims) |
Year | 2024 |
Subject | History |
Part | 2 |
Questions | 25 |
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Question 1 of 25
1. Question
Which was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate?
Correct
➤ Also Known As: Slave Dynasty
➤ Period: 1206–1290 CE
➤ Founder: Qutb-ud-din AibakKey Features of the Mamluk Dynasty:
✧ The first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate established after the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE.
✧ The rulers were of Turkic origin and were originally slaves (Mamluks) who rose to power through military service and administrative skills.Notable Rulers:
✧ Qutb-ud-din Aibak – Founded the dynasty and commissioned the construction of the Qutub Minar in Delhi.
✧ Iltutmish – Consolidated the Sultanate, established Delhi as the capital, and introduced the silver tanka and copper jital coins.
✧ Razia Sultana – The first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
✧ Ghiyas ud din Balban – Strengthened the central authority and introduced the concept of divine kingship.Significance:
✧ Established the foundation for future dynasties like the Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties.
✧ Introduced Persian culture and administrative practices into Indian governance.
✧ Laid the groundwork for the expansion of Islamic architecture and urban development in Delhi.★ The Mamluk Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206 CE.
★ It marked the beginning of Muslim rule in North India and established Delhi as a major political center.
★ The dynasty’s rulers contributed significantly to administrative reforms, culture, and architecture.Incorrect
➤ Also Known As: Slave Dynasty
➤ Period: 1206–1290 CE
➤ Founder: Qutb-ud-din AibakKey Features of the Mamluk Dynasty:
✧ The first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate established after the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE.
✧ The rulers were of Turkic origin and were originally slaves (Mamluks) who rose to power through military service and administrative skills.Notable Rulers:
✧ Qutb-ud-din Aibak – Founded the dynasty and commissioned the construction of the Qutub Minar in Delhi.
✧ Iltutmish – Consolidated the Sultanate, established Delhi as the capital, and introduced the silver tanka and copper jital coins.
✧ Razia Sultana – The first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
✧ Ghiyas ud din Balban – Strengthened the central authority and introduced the concept of divine kingship.Significance:
✧ Established the foundation for future dynasties like the Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties.
✧ Introduced Persian culture and administrative practices into Indian governance.
✧ Laid the groundwork for the expansion of Islamic architecture and urban development in Delhi.★ The Mamluk Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206 CE.
★ It marked the beginning of Muslim rule in North India and established Delhi as a major political center.
★ The dynasty’s rulers contributed significantly to administrative reforms, culture, and architecture. -
Question 2 of 25
2. Question
Who among the following Delhi Sultanate rulers took the policy of ‘blood and iron’ to deal with the Mewati community?
Correct
➤ Full Name: Ghiyas ud din Balban
➤ Reign: 1266–1287 CE
➤ Dynasty: Mamluk (Slave) DynastyPolicy of ‘Blood and Iron’:
✧ A strict policy aimed at maintaining law and order and suppressing rebellions.
✧ Focused on using military force and strict governance to deal with threats to the Delhi Sultanate.
✧ Implemented to curb the power of nobles, rebellious tribes, and external threats.Dealing with the Mewati Community:
✧ The Mewatis (inhabitants of Mewat, present-day Haryana and Rajasthan) were known for resisting the Sultanate’s authority and engaging in raiding activities.
✧ Balban launched military campaigns to suppress the Mewati rebels and bring the region under firm control.
✧ Ordered the clearing of forests around Delhi to prevent Mewati raids and maintain internal security.Key Reforms:
✧ Strengthened the spy system to monitor both nobles and common people.
✧ Introduced severe punishments to ensure loyalty and discipline among his subjects.
✧ Revived the Persian concept of Zill-e-Ilahi (Shadow of God) to enhance the ruler’s authority.Significance:
✧ His reign marked the beginning of a strong centralized monarchy in the Delhi Sultanate.
✧ Successfully suppressed internal revolts and strengthened the defensive structures of the empire.
✧ His policies laid the foundation for future Sultanate rulers to maintain tighter control over the empire.★ Balban implemented the ‘blood and iron’ policy to suppress rebellions, particularly targeting the Mewati community.
★ His strict governance established a strong centralized authority within the Delhi Sultanate.
★ Balban’s reign is remembered for discipline, administrative efficiency, and internal security.Incorrect
➤ Full Name: Ghiyas ud din Balban
➤ Reign: 1266–1287 CE
➤ Dynasty: Mamluk (Slave) DynastyPolicy of ‘Blood and Iron’:
✧ A strict policy aimed at maintaining law and order and suppressing rebellions.
✧ Focused on using military force and strict governance to deal with threats to the Delhi Sultanate.
✧ Implemented to curb the power of nobles, rebellious tribes, and external threats.Dealing with the Mewati Community:
✧ The Mewatis (inhabitants of Mewat, present-day Haryana and Rajasthan) were known for resisting the Sultanate’s authority and engaging in raiding activities.
✧ Balban launched military campaigns to suppress the Mewati rebels and bring the region under firm control.
✧ Ordered the clearing of forests around Delhi to prevent Mewati raids and maintain internal security.Key Reforms:
✧ Strengthened the spy system to monitor both nobles and common people.
✧ Introduced severe punishments to ensure loyalty and discipline among his subjects.
✧ Revived the Persian concept of Zill-e-Ilahi (Shadow of God) to enhance the ruler’s authority.Significance:
✧ His reign marked the beginning of a strong centralized monarchy in the Delhi Sultanate.
✧ Successfully suppressed internal revolts and strengthened the defensive structures of the empire.
✧ His policies laid the foundation for future Sultanate rulers to maintain tighter control over the empire.★ Balban implemented the ‘blood and iron’ policy to suppress rebellions, particularly targeting the Mewati community.
★ His strict governance established a strong centralized authority within the Delhi Sultanate.
★ Balban’s reign is remembered for discipline, administrative efficiency, and internal security. -
Question 3 of 25
3. Question
Which amongst the following Sultans shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?
Correct
➤ Reign: 1325–1351 CE
➤ Dynasty: Tughlaq DynastyKey Event – Shift of Capital:
✧ In 1327 CE, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq decided to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (formerly known as Devagiri) in present-day Maharashtra.
✧ The move was intended to strengthen control over the Deccan region and improve the administration of the southern provinces.
✧ The Sultan ordered the forced migration of the entire population of Delhi to Daulatabad.Reasons for the Shift:
✧ To better manage the southern territories and curb local rebellions.
✧ Daulatabad was geographically more central, providing easier access to both northern and southern parts of the empire.
✧ Strategic advantages in defending against invasions from the northwest.Consequences:
✧ The sudden and forced migration caused widespread suffering and hardship among the people.
✧ Many people died during the long journey from Delhi to Daulatabad due to famine, exhaustion, and poor planning.
✧ Eventually, the capital was shifted back to Delhi due to administrative difficulties and public discontent.Significance:
✧ The shift of the capital is often cited as an example of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s ambitious but poorly executed policies.
✧ Despite his intelligence and innovative ideas, many of his decisions led to failure due to lack of practical planning.★ Muhammad Bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1327 CE.
★ The move aimed to strengthen control over the Deccan but resulted in widespread hardship and failure.
★ This decision is often remembered as one of the most ill-fated administrative moves in medieval Indian history.Incorrect
➤ Reign: 1325–1351 CE
➤ Dynasty: Tughlaq DynastyKey Event – Shift of Capital:
✧ In 1327 CE, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq decided to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (formerly known as Devagiri) in present-day Maharashtra.
✧ The move was intended to strengthen control over the Deccan region and improve the administration of the southern provinces.
✧ The Sultan ordered the forced migration of the entire population of Delhi to Daulatabad.Reasons for the Shift:
✧ To better manage the southern territories and curb local rebellions.
✧ Daulatabad was geographically more central, providing easier access to both northern and southern parts of the empire.
✧ Strategic advantages in defending against invasions from the northwest.Consequences:
✧ The sudden and forced migration caused widespread suffering and hardship among the people.
✧ Many people died during the long journey from Delhi to Daulatabad due to famine, exhaustion, and poor planning.
✧ Eventually, the capital was shifted back to Delhi due to administrative difficulties and public discontent.Significance:
✧ The shift of the capital is often cited as an example of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s ambitious but poorly executed policies.
✧ Despite his intelligence and innovative ideas, many of his decisions led to failure due to lack of practical planning.★ Muhammad Bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1327 CE.
★ The move aimed to strengthen control over the Deccan but resulted in widespread hardship and failure.
★ This decision is often remembered as one of the most ill-fated administrative moves in medieval Indian history. -
Question 4 of 25
4. Question
The founder of the Pallava dynasty was:
Correct
➤ Dynasty: Pallava Dynasty
➤ Reign: 6th century CEKey Contributions:
✧ Regarded as the founder and consolidator of Pallava power in South India.
✧ Extended his kingdom from the Krishna River in the north to Kanchipuram in the south (modern-day Tamil Nadu).
✧ Successfully defeated the Kalabhras, a dynasty that had disrupted the political landscape of Tamil Nadu.Achievements:
✧ Laid the foundation for the Pallava Empire’s political and cultural dominance.
✧ Patronized Sanskrit literature and Hinduism while promoting religious tolerance.
✧ Established Kanchipuram as the capital, which later became a renowned center for learning and temple architecture.Legacy:
✧ His successors, especially Mahendravarman I and Narasimhavarman I, contributed to the dynasty’s cultural and architectural achievements, including the famous rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram.
✧ Set the stage for the Pallava dynasty to become a major power in southern India until the rise of the Chola Dynasty.★ Simhavishnu was the founder of the Pallava dynasty in the 6th century CE.
★ He expanded his empire, defeated the Kalabhras, and established Kanchipuram as the capital.
★ His reign marked the beginning of Pallava dominance in South Indian history and culture.Incorrect
➤ Dynasty: Pallava Dynasty
➤ Reign: 6th century CEKey Contributions:
✧ Regarded as the founder and consolidator of Pallava power in South India.
✧ Extended his kingdom from the Krishna River in the north to Kanchipuram in the south (modern-day Tamil Nadu).
✧ Successfully defeated the Kalabhras, a dynasty that had disrupted the political landscape of Tamil Nadu.Achievements:
✧ Laid the foundation for the Pallava Empire’s political and cultural dominance.
✧ Patronized Sanskrit literature and Hinduism while promoting religious tolerance.
✧ Established Kanchipuram as the capital, which later became a renowned center for learning and temple architecture.Legacy:
✧ His successors, especially Mahendravarman I and Narasimhavarman I, contributed to the dynasty’s cultural and architectural achievements, including the famous rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram.
✧ Set the stage for the Pallava dynasty to become a major power in southern India until the rise of the Chola Dynasty.★ Simhavishnu was the founder of the Pallava dynasty in the 6th century CE.
★ He expanded his empire, defeated the Kalabhras, and established Kanchipuram as the capital.
★ His reign marked the beginning of Pallava dominance in South Indian history and culture. -
Question 5 of 25
5. Question
Due to the efforts of whom among the following social reformers was the first Hindu Widow Remarriage Act introduced and passed in 1856?
Correct
➤ Act: Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856
➤ Passed by: Governor-General Lord Dalhousie (enacted during the tenure of Lord Canning)Key Contributions of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
✧ A prominent social reformer, educationist, and a champion of women’s rights in colonial India.
✧ Campaigned against the social stigma surrounding widow remarriage in Hindu society.
✧ Used ancient Hindu scriptures to justify widow remarriage, arguing that it was not prohibited by Hindu religious texts.Major Efforts:
✧ Wrote extensively in support of widow remarriage through essays and pamphlets.
✧ Persuaded British authorities to enact legislation protecting the rights of Hindu widows to remarry.
✧ Faced strong opposition from conservative Hindu elites but persisted with his reform efforts.Provisions of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856:
✧ Legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows under British law.
✧ Guaranteed the rights of widows to inherit property even after remarriage.
✧ Protected women from losing their social status due to remarriage.Significance:
✧ Marked a significant step toward women’s empowerment in India.
✧ Laid the foundation for future reforms in women’s education and legal rights.
✧ Recognized Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts as a milestone in India’s social reform movement.★ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts led to the passing of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856.
★ He fought against social stigma and promoted women’s rights through legal reforms.
★ The Act was a significant step toward improving the status of women in Indian society.Incorrect
➤ Act: Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856
➤ Passed by: Governor-General Lord Dalhousie (enacted during the tenure of Lord Canning)Key Contributions of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
✧ A prominent social reformer, educationist, and a champion of women’s rights in colonial India.
✧ Campaigned against the social stigma surrounding widow remarriage in Hindu society.
✧ Used ancient Hindu scriptures to justify widow remarriage, arguing that it was not prohibited by Hindu religious texts.Major Efforts:
✧ Wrote extensively in support of widow remarriage through essays and pamphlets.
✧ Persuaded British authorities to enact legislation protecting the rights of Hindu widows to remarry.
✧ Faced strong opposition from conservative Hindu elites but persisted with his reform efforts.Provisions of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856:
✧ Legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows under British law.
✧ Guaranteed the rights of widows to inherit property even after remarriage.
✧ Protected women from losing their social status due to remarriage.Significance:
✧ Marked a significant step toward women’s empowerment in India.
✧ Laid the foundation for future reforms in women’s education and legal rights.
✧ Recognized Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts as a milestone in India’s social reform movement.★ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts led to the passing of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856.
★ He fought against social stigma and promoted women’s rights through legal reforms.
★ The Act was a significant step toward improving the status of women in Indian society. -
Question 6 of 25
6. Question
Which important event that started in 1930 played a significant role in motivating and mobilizing Indians to join the non-violent movement for independence?
Correct
➤ Started by: Mahatma Gandhi
➤ Date: 12 March 1930
➤ Also Known As: Dandi MarchKey Events:
✧ Launched as a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement against the unjust salt tax imposed by the British.
✧ Began with a 24-day march from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat (~240 miles).
✧ Gandhi, along with his followers, produced salt from seawater on 6 April 1930, defying the British monopoly on salt production and sales.Objectives:
✧ Protest against the British salt tax, which affected all Indians, especially the poor.
✧ Encourage mass participation in the struggle for independence through non-violent civil disobedience.
✧ Mobilize Indians across caste, religion, and class lines to unite against British colonial policies.Impact:
✧ Sparked a nationwide wave of civil disobedience and boycotts of British goods.
✧ Thousands of Indians, including leaders like Sarojini Naidu and C. Rajagopalachari, were arrested.
✧ Drew international attention to India’s independence movement and highlighted the oppressive nature of British rule.Significance:
✧ Marked a turning point in India’s freedom struggle by involving common people across the country.
✧ Strengthened Gandhi’s position as the leader of India’s non-violent resistance.
✧ Laid the foundation for future mass movements like the Quit India Movement (1942).★ The Salt Satyagraha, launched in 1930 by Mahatma Gandhi, played a pivotal role in mobilizing Indians for the independence movement.
★ It united people from all walks of life against British oppression through non-violent civil disobedience.
★ The movement remains a symbol of India’s fight for freedom and Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence.Incorrect
➤ Started by: Mahatma Gandhi
➤ Date: 12 March 1930
➤ Also Known As: Dandi MarchKey Events:
✧ Launched as a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement against the unjust salt tax imposed by the British.
✧ Began with a 24-day march from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat (~240 miles).
✧ Gandhi, along with his followers, produced salt from seawater on 6 April 1930, defying the British monopoly on salt production and sales.Objectives:
✧ Protest against the British salt tax, which affected all Indians, especially the poor.
✧ Encourage mass participation in the struggle for independence through non-violent civil disobedience.
✧ Mobilize Indians across caste, religion, and class lines to unite against British colonial policies.Impact:
✧ Sparked a nationwide wave of civil disobedience and boycotts of British goods.
✧ Thousands of Indians, including leaders like Sarojini Naidu and C. Rajagopalachari, were arrested.
✧ Drew international attention to India’s independence movement and highlighted the oppressive nature of British rule.Significance:
✧ Marked a turning point in India’s freedom struggle by involving common people across the country.
✧ Strengthened Gandhi’s position as the leader of India’s non-violent resistance.
✧ Laid the foundation for future mass movements like the Quit India Movement (1942).★ The Salt Satyagraha, launched in 1930 by Mahatma Gandhi, played a pivotal role in mobilizing Indians for the independence movement.
★ It united people from all walks of life against British oppression through non-violent civil disobedience.
★ The movement remains a symbol of India’s fight for freedom and Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence. -
Question 7 of 25
7. Question
Which organisation was started in the Pune district of Maharashtra in the 1870s with the aim of promoting education and social rights among the underprivileged group of the society?
Correct
➤ Founded by: Jyotirao Phule
➤ Year: 1873
➤ Location: Pune district, MaharashtraObjectives:
✧ Promote social equality and challenge the caste-based discrimination prevalent in Indian society.
✧ Improve access to education for lower castes, particularly for the Shudras and Dalits.
✧ Fight against social evils like untouchability, child marriage, and the denial of rights to women and marginalized communities.Key Features:
✧ Encouraged the self-respect and empowerment of the underprivileged by challenging Brahmanical dominance.
✧ Advocated for women’s education and widow remarriage.
✧ Focused on rational thinking, rejecting the authority of the Vedas and priestly rituals.Notable Contributions:
✧ Jyotirao Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule opened schools for girls and lower-caste children in Maharashtra.
✧ Worked to promote economic justice by raising awareness of the exploitation of peasants and workers.Legacy:
✧ Inspired later social reform movements led by leaders like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
✧ Played a crucial role in shaping the Dalit rights movement in India.
✧ Marked the beginning of organized efforts toward social justice and equality in India.★ The Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873 in Pune to promote education and social rights for underprivileged communities.
★ It aimed to eliminate caste discrimination and empower marginalized groups through education and social reform.
★ The movement laid the foundation for future struggles for equality and justice in India.Incorrect
➤ Founded by: Jyotirao Phule
➤ Year: 1873
➤ Location: Pune district, MaharashtraObjectives:
✧ Promote social equality and challenge the caste-based discrimination prevalent in Indian society.
✧ Improve access to education for lower castes, particularly for the Shudras and Dalits.
✧ Fight against social evils like untouchability, child marriage, and the denial of rights to women and marginalized communities.Key Features:
✧ Encouraged the self-respect and empowerment of the underprivileged by challenging Brahmanical dominance.
✧ Advocated for women’s education and widow remarriage.
✧ Focused on rational thinking, rejecting the authority of the Vedas and priestly rituals.Notable Contributions:
✧ Jyotirao Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule opened schools for girls and lower-caste children in Maharashtra.
✧ Worked to promote economic justice by raising awareness of the exploitation of peasants and workers.Legacy:
✧ Inspired later social reform movements led by leaders like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
✧ Played a crucial role in shaping the Dalit rights movement in India.
✧ Marked the beginning of organized efforts toward social justice and equality in India.★ The Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873 in Pune to promote education and social rights for underprivileged communities.
★ It aimed to eliminate caste discrimination and empower marginalized groups through education and social reform.
★ The movement laid the foundation for future struggles for equality and justice in India. -
Question 8 of 25
8. Question
Which amongst the following terms was used for the land given to Brahmins during the Chola empire?
Correct
➤ Period: Chola Empire (9th–13th century CE)
➤ Region: Primarily in present-day Tamil Nadu and parts of South IndiaKey Features of Brahmadeya:
✧ Brahmadeya refers to land grants made to Brahmins by kings, nobles, or wealthy individuals.
✧ These lands were either tax-free or enjoyed significant tax exemptions.
✧ The grants were given for religious purposes and to promote Brahmanical learning and ritual practices.Purpose:
✧ Encourage the spread of Vedic knowledge and support religious institutions.
✧ Consolidate political authority by securing the loyalty of Brahmins and religious elites.
✧ Promote agricultural development since the Brahmins often settled in newly cultivated lands.Types of Land Grants:
✧ Could consist of entire villages or parts of fertile land.
✧ Often accompanied by certain privileges, including the right to collect revenue from the land.Significance:
✧ Strengthened the relationship between the Chola rulers and Brahmin communities.
✧ Contributed to the growth of temple-centered economies in South India.
✧ Played a major role in shaping the socio-political structure of the Chola Empire.★ Brahmadeya was the term used for land grants given to Brahmins during the Chola Empire.
★ These grants were often tax-free and aimed to promote religious learning and rituals.
★ They played a significant role in strengthening the socio-religious structure of South Indian society.Incorrect
➤ Period: Chola Empire (9th–13th century CE)
➤ Region: Primarily in present-day Tamil Nadu and parts of South IndiaKey Features of Brahmadeya:
✧ Brahmadeya refers to land grants made to Brahmins by kings, nobles, or wealthy individuals.
✧ These lands were either tax-free or enjoyed significant tax exemptions.
✧ The grants were given for religious purposes and to promote Brahmanical learning and ritual practices.Purpose:
✧ Encourage the spread of Vedic knowledge and support religious institutions.
✧ Consolidate political authority by securing the loyalty of Brahmins and religious elites.
✧ Promote agricultural development since the Brahmins often settled in newly cultivated lands.Types of Land Grants:
✧ Could consist of entire villages or parts of fertile land.
✧ Often accompanied by certain privileges, including the right to collect revenue from the land.Significance:
✧ Strengthened the relationship between the Chola rulers and Brahmin communities.
✧ Contributed to the growth of temple-centered economies in South India.
✧ Played a major role in shaping the socio-political structure of the Chola Empire.★ Brahmadeya was the term used for land grants given to Brahmins during the Chola Empire.
★ These grants were often tax-free and aimed to promote religious learning and rituals.
★ They played a significant role in strengthening the socio-religious structure of South Indian society. -
Question 9 of 25
9. Question
Which revolutionary organisation was established at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi in 1928?
Correct
➤ Founded on: 9 September 1928
➤ Location: Feroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi
➤ Key Founders:
✧ Bhagat Singh
✧ Chandrasekhar Azad
✧ Sukhdev Thapar
✧ Ram Prasad Bismil (earlier member from Hindustan Republican Association)Objectives of HSRA:
✧ Overthrow British colonial rule through revolutionary activities and armed resistance.
✧ Establish a socialist republic in India based on equality and the abolition of class exploitation.
✧ Inspire youth to join the fight for India’s independence through direct action.Key Activities:
✧ Assassination of John Saunders (mistakenly targeted instead of James Scott) to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
✧ Bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt to protest against oppressive laws (without harming anyone intentionally).
✧ Promotion of revolutionary ideas through pamphlets, writings, and public actions.Significance:
✧ Played a crucial role in awakening nationalist sentiments among the youth.
✧ Highlighted the economic and social inequalities in colonial India.
✧ Inspired future revolutionary movements and became a symbol of youthful defiance against British oppression.★ The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was established at Feroz Shah Kotla in 1928.
★ It aimed to overthrow British rule and establish a socialist republic in India.
★ Leaders like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar Azad became iconic figures in India’s revolutionary struggle.Incorrect
➤ Founded on: 9 September 1928
➤ Location: Feroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi
➤ Key Founders:
✧ Bhagat Singh
✧ Chandrasekhar Azad
✧ Sukhdev Thapar
✧ Ram Prasad Bismil (earlier member from Hindustan Republican Association)Objectives of HSRA:
✧ Overthrow British colonial rule through revolutionary activities and armed resistance.
✧ Establish a socialist republic in India based on equality and the abolition of class exploitation.
✧ Inspire youth to join the fight for India’s independence through direct action.Key Activities:
✧ Assassination of John Saunders (mistakenly targeted instead of James Scott) to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
✧ Bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt to protest against oppressive laws (without harming anyone intentionally).
✧ Promotion of revolutionary ideas through pamphlets, writings, and public actions.Significance:
✧ Played a crucial role in awakening nationalist sentiments among the youth.
✧ Highlighted the economic and social inequalities in colonial India.
✧ Inspired future revolutionary movements and became a symbol of youthful defiance against British oppression.★ The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was established at Feroz Shah Kotla in 1928.
★ It aimed to overthrow British rule and establish a socialist republic in India.
★ Leaders like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar Azad became iconic figures in India’s revolutionary struggle. -
Question 10 of 25
10. Question
In which year was the Marris College of Music established in India?
Correct
➤ Founded by: Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
➤ Location: Lucknow, Uttar PradeshKey Highlights of Marris College of Music:
✧ Established as one of the first institutions dedicated to the formal study of Indian classical music.
✧ Named after Sir William Marris, who was the then Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh).
✧ Aimed to provide structured education in Hindustani classical music through a formal curriculum.Major Contributions:
✧ Introduced written notations for Indian classical music to preserve traditional compositions.
✧ Promoted both vocal and instrumental music education, covering various forms like Dhrupad, Khayal, and Thumri.
✧ Developed a systematized curriculum that balanced theoretical and practical aspects of classical music.Legacy:
✧ Later renamed Bhatkhande Music Institute Deemed University in honor of its founder, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande.
✧ Produced several renowned musicians and contributed to the revival of traditional Indian classical music in the 20th century.
✧ Remains a prestigious institution for learning Hindustani classical music and dance.★ The Marris College of Music was established in 1926 by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande in Lucknow.
★ It played a pioneering role in the structured teaching of Hindustani classical music.
★ The institute remains a vital cultural institution and continues to nurture India’s rich musical heritage.Incorrect
➤ Founded by: Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
➤ Location: Lucknow, Uttar PradeshKey Highlights of Marris College of Music:
✧ Established as one of the first institutions dedicated to the formal study of Indian classical music.
✧ Named after Sir William Marris, who was the then Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh).
✧ Aimed to provide structured education in Hindustani classical music through a formal curriculum.Major Contributions:
✧ Introduced written notations for Indian classical music to preserve traditional compositions.
✧ Promoted both vocal and instrumental music education, covering various forms like Dhrupad, Khayal, and Thumri.
✧ Developed a systematized curriculum that balanced theoretical and practical aspects of classical music.Legacy:
✧ Later renamed Bhatkhande Music Institute Deemed University in honor of its founder, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande.
✧ Produced several renowned musicians and contributed to the revival of traditional Indian classical music in the 20th century.
✧ Remains a prestigious institution for learning Hindustani classical music and dance.★ The Marris College of Music was established in 1926 by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande in Lucknow.
★ It played a pioneering role in the structured teaching of Hindustani classical music.
★ The institute remains a vital cultural institution and continues to nurture India’s rich musical heritage. -
Question 11 of 25
11. Question
In which year did Swami Vivekananda give his speech at the Chicago Parliament of Religions?
Correct
➤ Event: Parliament of the World’s Religions
➤ Date: 11 September 1893
➤ Location: Chicago, United StatesKey Highlights of Swami Vivekananda’s Speech:
✧ Began his speech with the iconic words: “Sisters and Brothers of America”, which received a standing ovation from the audience.
✧ Introduced Hindu philosophy and the concept of religious tolerance to the Western world.
✧ Emphasized the idea of universal brotherhood, harmony among religions, and the importance of spiritual unity.Major Themes of His Address:
✧ India’s ancient philosophy of Vedanta and the practice of Yoga.
✧ Promoted the idea that all religions are valid paths to the same truth.
✧ Criticized sectarianism, bigotry, and fanaticism as major obstacles to global peace.Impact of His Speech:
✧ Brought global recognition to Indian spiritual philosophy and Hinduism.
✧ Established Swami Vivekananda as a global spiritual leader and representative of Indian culture.
✧ Led to the spread of Vedantic thought and yoga across the Western world.Legacy:
✧ Founded the Vedanta Society in the USA to promote Indian spirituality.
✧ His birth anniversary, 12 January, is celebrated as National Youth Day in India.
✧ Inspired generations of Indian leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose.★ Swami Vivekananda delivered his famous speech at the Chicago Parliament of Religions in 1893.
★ His message of universal tolerance and religious harmony continues to inspire people worldwide.
★ The speech marked a historic moment in presenting India’s spiritual heritage to the global stage.Incorrect
➤ Event: Parliament of the World’s Religions
➤ Date: 11 September 1893
➤ Location: Chicago, United StatesKey Highlights of Swami Vivekananda’s Speech:
✧ Began his speech with the iconic words: “Sisters and Brothers of America”, which received a standing ovation from the audience.
✧ Introduced Hindu philosophy and the concept of religious tolerance to the Western world.
✧ Emphasized the idea of universal brotherhood, harmony among religions, and the importance of spiritual unity.Major Themes of His Address:
✧ India’s ancient philosophy of Vedanta and the practice of Yoga.
✧ Promoted the idea that all religions are valid paths to the same truth.
✧ Criticized sectarianism, bigotry, and fanaticism as major obstacles to global peace.Impact of His Speech:
✧ Brought global recognition to Indian spiritual philosophy and Hinduism.
✧ Established Swami Vivekananda as a global spiritual leader and representative of Indian culture.
✧ Led to the spread of Vedantic thought and yoga across the Western world.Legacy:
✧ Founded the Vedanta Society in the USA to promote Indian spirituality.
✧ His birth anniversary, 12 January, is celebrated as National Youth Day in India.
✧ Inspired generations of Indian leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose.★ Swami Vivekananda delivered his famous speech at the Chicago Parliament of Religions in 1893.
★ His message of universal tolerance and religious harmony continues to inspire people worldwide.
★ The speech marked a historic moment in presenting India’s spiritual heritage to the global stage. -
Question 12 of 25
12. Question
At which place did Raja Ram Mohan Roy form a reform association called Brahmo Sabha in the year 1828?
Correct
➤ Founded by: Raja Ram Mohan Roy
➤ Year: 1828
➤ Later Renamed: Brahmo Samaj in 1830Objectives of Brahmo Sabha:
✧ Promote monotheism and oppose idol worship in Hindu society.
✧ Encourage the use of reason and scientific thinking in religious practices.
✧ Advocate for social reforms like the abolition of sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination.
✧ Focus on women’s rights, including support for widow remarriage and women’s education.Key Features:
✧ Emphasized universal brotherhood and the unity of all religions.
✧ Rejected rituals and priesthood, promoting a rational and ethical approach to spirituality.
✧ Conducted prayer meetings with readings from different religious texts.Significance:
✧ Marked the beginning of the modern Indian renaissance and the social reform movement.
✧ Laid the foundation for later reform organizations like the Prarthana Samaj and Arya Samaj.
✧ Inspired future leaders such as Keshab Chandra Sen and Debendranath Tagore to continue the reformist legacy.★ Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta in 1828.
★ It aimed to reform Indian society by promoting rational thinking, monotheism, and social justice.
★ The organization played a crucial role in India’s early socio-religious reform movements.Incorrect
➤ Founded by: Raja Ram Mohan Roy
➤ Year: 1828
➤ Later Renamed: Brahmo Samaj in 1830Objectives of Brahmo Sabha:
✧ Promote monotheism and oppose idol worship in Hindu society.
✧ Encourage the use of reason and scientific thinking in religious practices.
✧ Advocate for social reforms like the abolition of sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination.
✧ Focus on women’s rights, including support for widow remarriage and women’s education.Key Features:
✧ Emphasized universal brotherhood and the unity of all religions.
✧ Rejected rituals and priesthood, promoting a rational and ethical approach to spirituality.
✧ Conducted prayer meetings with readings from different religious texts.Significance:
✧ Marked the beginning of the modern Indian renaissance and the social reform movement.
✧ Laid the foundation for later reform organizations like the Prarthana Samaj and Arya Samaj.
✧ Inspired future leaders such as Keshab Chandra Sen and Debendranath Tagore to continue the reformist legacy.★ Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta in 1828.
★ It aimed to reform Indian society by promoting rational thinking, monotheism, and social justice.
★ The organization played a crucial role in India’s early socio-religious reform movements. -
Question 13 of 25
13. Question
The founder of the Pala empire was:
Correct
➤ Founded in: 8th century CE
➤ Region: Present-day Bengal and BiharKey Highlights of Gopala’s Reign:
✧ Elected as king by a group of regional chiefs, marking the beginning of the Pala Empire.
✧ Established political stability after a period of chaos and anarchy in Bengal.
✧ Laid the foundation for a powerful dynasty that ruled eastern India for over four centuries.Contributions:
✧ Restored law and order in Bengal by unifying the fragmented regions.
✧ Strengthened the economy by supporting agriculture and promoting trade.
✧ Encouraged Buddhism, which became a significant religion under the Pala rulers.Legacy:
✧ His successors, notably Dharmapala and Devapala, expanded the empire significantly.
✧ Played a vital role in reviving Buddhism and supporting famous institutions like Nalanda University and Vikramashila University.
✧ The Pala dynasty became known for its patronage of art, architecture, and education.★ Gopala was the founder of the Pala Empire in Bengal during the 8th century CE.
★ He was elected by regional chiefs, making it one of the few dynasties in Indian history founded through democratic means.
★ His rule laid the foundation for the cultural and political dominance of the Pala dynasty in eastern India.Incorrect
➤ Founded in: 8th century CE
➤ Region: Present-day Bengal and BiharKey Highlights of Gopala’s Reign:
✧ Elected as king by a group of regional chiefs, marking the beginning of the Pala Empire.
✧ Established political stability after a period of chaos and anarchy in Bengal.
✧ Laid the foundation for a powerful dynasty that ruled eastern India for over four centuries.Contributions:
✧ Restored law and order in Bengal by unifying the fragmented regions.
✧ Strengthened the economy by supporting agriculture and promoting trade.
✧ Encouraged Buddhism, which became a significant religion under the Pala rulers.Legacy:
✧ His successors, notably Dharmapala and Devapala, expanded the empire significantly.
✧ Played a vital role in reviving Buddhism and supporting famous institutions like Nalanda University and Vikramashila University.
✧ The Pala dynasty became known for its patronage of art, architecture, and education.★ Gopala was the founder of the Pala Empire in Bengal during the 8th century CE.
★ He was elected by regional chiefs, making it one of the few dynasties in Indian history founded through democratic means.
★ His rule laid the foundation for the cultural and political dominance of the Pala dynasty in eastern India. -
Question 14 of 25
14. Question
The Prarthana Samaj was established in ____ by Dr. Atma Ram Pandurang.
Correct
➤ Founded by: Dr. Atmaram Pandurang
➤ Year: 1867Objectives of Prarthana Samaj:
✧ Promote social reforms within Hindu society while maintaining religious values.
✧ Oppose social evils like caste discrimination, child marriage, and untouchability.
✧ Advocate for women’s rights, including widow remarriage and education for women.
✧ Encourage the belief in monotheism and reject idolatry and ritualism.Key Leaders:
✧ Mahadev Govind Ranade – Played a crucial role in expanding the organization’s influence and pushing for legal reforms.
✧ R.G. Bhandarkar and Justice M.G. Ranade also contributed significantly to the movement.Inspiration:
✧ Inspired by the ideals of Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta.
✧ Focused on combining social reform with spiritual development through prayers and ethical living.Significance:
✧ Contributed to the development of modern education and social consciousness in Maharashtra.
✧ Played a key role in bridging the gap between traditional Hindu beliefs and modern liberal thought.
✧ Laid the groundwork for future social movements and reform initiatives across India.★ The Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1867 by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang.
★ It aimed to reform Hindu society by promoting social equality, women’s rights, and monotheism.
★ The organization played a significant role in modernizing Indian society during the colonial period.Incorrect
➤ Founded by: Dr. Atmaram Pandurang
➤ Year: 1867Objectives of Prarthana Samaj:
✧ Promote social reforms within Hindu society while maintaining religious values.
✧ Oppose social evils like caste discrimination, child marriage, and untouchability.
✧ Advocate for women’s rights, including widow remarriage and education for women.
✧ Encourage the belief in monotheism and reject idolatry and ritualism.Key Leaders:
✧ Mahadev Govind Ranade – Played a crucial role in expanding the organization’s influence and pushing for legal reforms.
✧ R.G. Bhandarkar and Justice M.G. Ranade also contributed significantly to the movement.Inspiration:
✧ Inspired by the ideals of Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta.
✧ Focused on combining social reform with spiritual development through prayers and ethical living.Significance:
✧ Contributed to the development of modern education and social consciousness in Maharashtra.
✧ Played a key role in bridging the gap between traditional Hindu beliefs and modern liberal thought.
✧ Laid the groundwork for future social movements and reform initiatives across India.★ The Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1867 by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang.
★ It aimed to reform Hindu society by promoting social equality, women’s rights, and monotheism.
★ The organization played a significant role in modernizing Indian society during the colonial period. -
Question 15 of 25
15. Question
_____ is one of the first criticism of the caste system written by Mahatma Phule and published in the year 1873.
Correct
➤ Author: Jyotirao Phule
➤ Published in: 1873
➤ Language: MarathiKey Highlights of Gulamgiri:
✧ The title “Gulamgiri” translates to “Slavery” in English.
✧ Criticized the caste system and the Brahmanical dominance in Indian society.
✧ Drew parallels between the oppression of lower castes in India and the slavery system in the United States.Major Themes:
✧ Advocated for the upliftment of Dalits and Shudras who were oppressed under the caste hierarchy.
✧ Condemned religious practices and social customs that promoted untouchability and social discrimination.
✧ Called for education and social reforms as the primary means to eradicate caste-based exploitation.Significance:
✧ Considered one of the earliest critiques of the caste system in Indian literature.
✧ Inspired future social reformers like B.R. Ambedkar in the fight against caste oppression.
✧ Served as a foundational text for the Dalit movement and modern social justice activism in India.★ Gulamgiri, written by Jyotirao Phule in 1873, was one of the first major criticisms of the caste system in India.
★ The book compared caste oppression to slavery and called for social reforms and education for marginalized communities.
★ It remains a significant milestone in India’s social reform and anti-caste movements.Incorrect
➤ Author: Jyotirao Phule
➤ Published in: 1873
➤ Language: MarathiKey Highlights of Gulamgiri:
✧ The title “Gulamgiri” translates to “Slavery” in English.
✧ Criticized the caste system and the Brahmanical dominance in Indian society.
✧ Drew parallels between the oppression of lower castes in India and the slavery system in the United States.Major Themes:
✧ Advocated for the upliftment of Dalits and Shudras who were oppressed under the caste hierarchy.
✧ Condemned religious practices and social customs that promoted untouchability and social discrimination.
✧ Called for education and social reforms as the primary means to eradicate caste-based exploitation.Significance:
✧ Considered one of the earliest critiques of the caste system in Indian literature.
✧ Inspired future social reformers like B.R. Ambedkar in the fight against caste oppression.
✧ Served as a foundational text for the Dalit movement and modern social justice activism in India.★ Gulamgiri, written by Jyotirao Phule in 1873, was one of the first major criticisms of the caste system in India.
★ The book compared caste oppression to slavery and called for social reforms and education for marginalized communities.
★ It remains a significant milestone in India’s social reform and anti-caste movements. -
Question 16 of 25
16. Question
In the 11th century, under Maḥmūd of Ghazni, Ghaznī, a small town in ____, became the capital of the vast empire of the Ghaznavids.
Correct
➤ Ruler: Mahmud of Ghazni
➤ Reign: 997–1030 CE
➤ Capital: Ghazni, a small town in present-day AfghanistanKey Highlights of Mahmud of Ghazni’s Rule:
✧ Transformed Ghazni from a small town into the capital of a vast empire stretching across Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, and parts of Northwestern India.
✧ Known for his 17 invasions of India between 1000–1027 CE, primarily aimed at acquiring wealth and expanding his empire.Major Conquests:
✧ Raided wealthy Indian cities such as Mathura, Kannauj, and Somnath (famous for the destruction of the Somnath Temple in Gujarat).
✧ Extended his rule deep into northern India, though his campaigns were focused more on plunder than permanent occupation.Cultural Contributions:
✧ Patron of Persian art, culture, and literature; his court hosted renowned scholars like:
Al-Biruni – A scholar who wrote “Tahqiq-i-Hind” (Researches on India), documenting Indian culture and sciences.
Ferdowsi – The famous Persian poet who composed the epic Shahnameh under Mahmud’s patronage.
Significance:
✧ Established Ghazni as a major cultural and political center in Central Asia.
✧ His invasions significantly weakened the Indian kingdoms, paving the way for later Muslim conquests in India, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.★ In the 11th century, Mahmud of Ghazni made Ghazni (in present-day Afghanistan) the capital of his vast empire.
★ He expanded his empire through invasions of India and promoted Persian culture and literature.
★ His conquests laid the groundwork for future Islamic rule in Northern India.Incorrect
➤ Ruler: Mahmud of Ghazni
➤ Reign: 997–1030 CE
➤ Capital: Ghazni, a small town in present-day AfghanistanKey Highlights of Mahmud of Ghazni’s Rule:
✧ Transformed Ghazni from a small town into the capital of a vast empire stretching across Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, and parts of Northwestern India.
✧ Known for his 17 invasions of India between 1000–1027 CE, primarily aimed at acquiring wealth and expanding his empire.Major Conquests:
✧ Raided wealthy Indian cities such as Mathura, Kannauj, and Somnath (famous for the destruction of the Somnath Temple in Gujarat).
✧ Extended his rule deep into northern India, though his campaigns were focused more on plunder than permanent occupation.Cultural Contributions:
✧ Patron of Persian art, culture, and literature; his court hosted renowned scholars like:
Al-Biruni – A scholar who wrote “Tahqiq-i-Hind” (Researches on India), documenting Indian culture and sciences.
Ferdowsi – The famous Persian poet who composed the epic Shahnameh under Mahmud’s patronage.
Significance:
✧ Established Ghazni as a major cultural and political center in Central Asia.
✧ His invasions significantly weakened the Indian kingdoms, paving the way for later Muslim conquests in India, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.★ In the 11th century, Mahmud of Ghazni made Ghazni (in present-day Afghanistan) the capital of his vast empire.
★ He expanded his empire through invasions of India and promoted Persian culture and literature.
★ His conquests laid the groundwork for future Islamic rule in Northern India. -
Question 17 of 25
17. Question
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote a novel Anand Math based on which of the following rebellions/revolts?
Correct
➤ Author: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
➤ Published in: 1882
➤ Language: BengaliKey Highlights of Anand Math:
✧ Set against the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion (late 18th century), which took place in Bengal.
✧ The rebellion was led by Hindu ascetics (Sanyasis) and fakirs who resisted British colonial oppression and economic exploitation.
✧ Depicts the struggles of Indian ascetics rising against British rule and symbolizes the spirit of patriotism and nationalism.Famous Contributions:
✧ Introduced the patriotic song “Vande Mataram”, which later became a rallying cry for India’s freedom movement.
✧ Highlighted themes of sacrifice, national unity, and the fight against colonial injustice.
✧ Portrayed the idea of Mother India as a divine figure worthy of devotion and protection.Significance:
✧ Played a crucial role in igniting nationalist sentiments among Indians.
✧ Inspired freedom fighters like Bipin Chandra Pal, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Aurobindo Ghosh.
✧ Remains a landmark work in Indian literature for blending fiction with patriotism and historical events.★ Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s novel Anand Math was based on the Sanyasi Rebellion in Bengal.
★ The book inspired Indian nationalism and introduced the iconic song “Vande Mataram.”
★ It became a symbol of India’s struggle for freedom against British colonial rule.Incorrect
➤ Author: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
➤ Published in: 1882
➤ Language: BengaliKey Highlights of Anand Math:
✧ Set against the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion (late 18th century), which took place in Bengal.
✧ The rebellion was led by Hindu ascetics (Sanyasis) and fakirs who resisted British colonial oppression and economic exploitation.
✧ Depicts the struggles of Indian ascetics rising against British rule and symbolizes the spirit of patriotism and nationalism.Famous Contributions:
✧ Introduced the patriotic song “Vande Mataram”, which later became a rallying cry for India’s freedom movement.
✧ Highlighted themes of sacrifice, national unity, and the fight against colonial injustice.
✧ Portrayed the idea of Mother India as a divine figure worthy of devotion and protection.Significance:
✧ Played a crucial role in igniting nationalist sentiments among Indians.
✧ Inspired freedom fighters like Bipin Chandra Pal, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Aurobindo Ghosh.
✧ Remains a landmark work in Indian literature for blending fiction with patriotism and historical events.★ Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s novel Anand Math was based on the Sanyasi Rebellion in Bengal.
★ The book inspired Indian nationalism and introduced the iconic song “Vande Mataram.”
★ It became a symbol of India’s struggle for freedom against British colonial rule. -
Question 18 of 25
18. Question
Who was the founder of the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct
➤ Founded in: 1347 CE
➤ Capital: Gulbarga (later shifted to Bidar in the 15th century)
➤ Region: Deccan Plateau, South IndiaKey Highlights of the Bahmani Sultanate:
✧ Established after a successful revolt against the Delhi Sultanate led by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
✧ Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah, originally a military officer under the Tughlaq dynasty, declared independence and became the first Sultan of the newly formed Bahmani Sultanate.
✧ The Sultanate was primarily established to challenge Delhi’s authority in the Deccan region.Administrative and Cultural Contributions:
✧ Divided the kingdom into provinces (tarafs) for better governance.
✧ Encouraged Persian culture and Islamic architecture in the Deccan.
✧ Promoted trade and agriculture, making the Deccan region economically prosperous.Conflicts and Rivalries:
✧ Engaged in constant warfare with the Vijayanagara Empire over control of fertile territories like the Raichur Doab.
✧ Later faced internal conflicts between Deccani Muslims and newcomer Persian elites.Significance:
✧ The Bahmani Sultanate was the first independent Islamic kingdom in South India.
✧ Set the stage for the emergence of successor states like the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar, and Berar).
✧ Played a crucial role in shaping the political, cultural, and architectural landscape of the Deccan region.★ Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah founded the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 CE after revolting against the Delhi Sultanate.
★ It was the first independent Muslim kingdom in South India and significantly influenced the region’s politics and culture.
★ The Sultanate’s legacy continued through its successor states, known as the Deccan Sultanates.Incorrect
➤ Founded in: 1347 CE
➤ Capital: Gulbarga (later shifted to Bidar in the 15th century)
➤ Region: Deccan Plateau, South IndiaKey Highlights of the Bahmani Sultanate:
✧ Established after a successful revolt against the Delhi Sultanate led by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
✧ Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah, originally a military officer under the Tughlaq dynasty, declared independence and became the first Sultan of the newly formed Bahmani Sultanate.
✧ The Sultanate was primarily established to challenge Delhi’s authority in the Deccan region.Administrative and Cultural Contributions:
✧ Divided the kingdom into provinces (tarafs) for better governance.
✧ Encouraged Persian culture and Islamic architecture in the Deccan.
✧ Promoted trade and agriculture, making the Deccan region economically prosperous.Conflicts and Rivalries:
✧ Engaged in constant warfare with the Vijayanagara Empire over control of fertile territories like the Raichur Doab.
✧ Later faced internal conflicts between Deccani Muslims and newcomer Persian elites.Significance:
✧ The Bahmani Sultanate was the first independent Islamic kingdom in South India.
✧ Set the stage for the emergence of successor states like the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar, and Berar).
✧ Played a crucial role in shaping the political, cultural, and architectural landscape of the Deccan region.★ Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah founded the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 CE after revolting against the Delhi Sultanate.
★ It was the first independent Muslim kingdom in South India and significantly influenced the region’s politics and culture.
★ The Sultanate’s legacy continued through its successor states, known as the Deccan Sultanates. -
Question 19 of 25
19. Question
Which of the following statements about the Pala Dynasty of eastern India is INCORRECT?
Correct
Facts About the Pala Dynasty:
➤ Founder: Gopala (8th century CE)
✧ Elected by regional chiefs to bring stability to Bengal during a time of political chaos.
➤ Religion:
✧ The Pala kings were devout followers of Mahayana Buddhism.
✧ They also supported Hinduism and were known for religious tolerance.
➤ Famous Kings:
✧ Dharmapala – Gopala’s son, expanded the empire and was a major patron of Nalanda University and Vikramashila University, not Valabhi University.
✧ Devapala – Grandson of Gopala; expanded the Pala Empire to its greatest territorial extent.✧ Valabhi University was located in Gujarat and was associated with the Maitraka dynasty, not the Pala Dynasty.
✧ Dharmapala was known for founding and promoting Vikramashila University and supporting Nalanda University as centers of Buddhist learning.Significance of the Pala Dynasty:
✧ The Palas were known for reviving Buddhism in eastern India and supporting art, architecture, and education.
✧ Famous for their bronze sculptures and contributions to Indian Buddhist art.★ The Pala Dynasty was founded by Gopala, and its rulers were major patrons of Buddhism.
★ Statement B is incorrect because Dharmapala supported Nalanda and Vikramashila, not Valabhi University.
★ The Palas significantly influenced Buddhist learning and culture in eastern India.Incorrect
Facts About the Pala Dynasty:
➤ Founder: Gopala (8th century CE)
✧ Elected by regional chiefs to bring stability to Bengal during a time of political chaos.
➤ Religion:
✧ The Pala kings were devout followers of Mahayana Buddhism.
✧ They also supported Hinduism and were known for religious tolerance.
➤ Famous Kings:
✧ Dharmapala – Gopala’s son, expanded the empire and was a major patron of Nalanda University and Vikramashila University, not Valabhi University.
✧ Devapala – Grandson of Gopala; expanded the Pala Empire to its greatest territorial extent.✧ Valabhi University was located in Gujarat and was associated with the Maitraka dynasty, not the Pala Dynasty.
✧ Dharmapala was known for founding and promoting Vikramashila University and supporting Nalanda University as centers of Buddhist learning.Significance of the Pala Dynasty:
✧ The Palas were known for reviving Buddhism in eastern India and supporting art, architecture, and education.
✧ Famous for their bronze sculptures and contributions to Indian Buddhist art.★ The Pala Dynasty was founded by Gopala, and its rulers were major patrons of Buddhism.
★ Statement B is incorrect because Dharmapala supported Nalanda and Vikramashila, not Valabhi University.
★ The Palas significantly influenced Buddhist learning and culture in eastern India. -
Question 20 of 25
20. Question
The British Government passed a law in the year 1856. It was meant for which among the following social reforms?
Correct
➤ Act: The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856
➤ Passed by: The British Government during the tenure of Governor-General Lord Canning
➤ Prominent Advocate: Ishwar Chandra VidyasagarKey Provisions of the Act:
✧ Legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows in India.
✧ Provided legal protection to widows who chose to remarry.
✧ Allowed remarried widows to retain their inheritance rights from their deceased husbands.Reasons Behind the Reform:
✧ Addressed the social stigma and oppressive customs surrounding widowhood in Hindu society.
✧ Aimed to protect the rights of women, especially young widows, who were often subject to social exclusion and economic hardship.
✧ Championed by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who provided scriptural evidence supporting widow remarriage from ancient Hindu texts.Impact of the Act:
✧ Marked a significant step toward women’s rights and social reform in India.
✧ Faced opposition from conservative sections of society, especially orthodox Hindus.
✧ Inspired further social reforms, including movements for women’s education and abolition of child marriage.Significance:
✧ It was one of the first legal interventions by the British Government aimed at social reform in India.
✧ Paved the way for future reforms in women’s rights and highlighted the contributions of Indian social reformers like Vidya Sagar.★ The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows, ending centuries of social oppression.
★ The law was passed due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and marked a major milestone in Indian social reform.
★ It promoted women’s rights and challenged deeply rooted patriarchal traditions in Indian society.Incorrect
➤ Act: The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856
➤ Passed by: The British Government during the tenure of Governor-General Lord Canning
➤ Prominent Advocate: Ishwar Chandra VidyasagarKey Provisions of the Act:
✧ Legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows in India.
✧ Provided legal protection to widows who chose to remarry.
✧ Allowed remarried widows to retain their inheritance rights from their deceased husbands.Reasons Behind the Reform:
✧ Addressed the social stigma and oppressive customs surrounding widowhood in Hindu society.
✧ Aimed to protect the rights of women, especially young widows, who were often subject to social exclusion and economic hardship.
✧ Championed by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who provided scriptural evidence supporting widow remarriage from ancient Hindu texts.Impact of the Act:
✧ Marked a significant step toward women’s rights and social reform in India.
✧ Faced opposition from conservative sections of society, especially orthodox Hindus.
✧ Inspired further social reforms, including movements for women’s education and abolition of child marriage.Significance:
✧ It was one of the first legal interventions by the British Government aimed at social reform in India.
✧ Paved the way for future reforms in women’s rights and highlighted the contributions of Indian social reformers like Vidya Sagar.★ The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows, ending centuries of social oppression.
★ The law was passed due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and marked a major milestone in Indian social reform.
★ It promoted women’s rights and challenged deeply rooted patriarchal traditions in Indian society. -
Question 21 of 25
21. Question
Which Pala ruler temporarily occupied Kanauj?
Correct
➤ Dynasty: Pala Dynasty
➤ Reign: 770–810 CE (approx.)Key Highlights of Dharmapala’s Rule:
✧ Second ruler of the Pala Dynasty and son of Gopala, the founder of the dynasty.
✧ Expanded the Pala Empire across Bengal, Bihar, and parts of Uttar Pradesh.
✧ Known for his military campaigns to assert dominance over northern India.Occupation of Kanauj:
✧ Successfully defeated the rulers of Kanauj and temporarily occupied the city, which was a significant political and cultural center in North India.
✧ Installed a vassal king on the throne of Kanauj, asserting his supremacy in the Gangetic plains.
✧ Faced resistance from rival dynasties such as the Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas during his reign, leading to the famous Tripartite Struggle over the control of Kanauj.Patronage and Contributions:
✧ Major patron of Buddhism and supported famous Buddhist institutions like Nalanda University and Vikramashila University.
✧ Encouraged Buddhist scholars and contributed to the spread of Mahayana Buddhism across India and Southeast Asia.Significance:
✧ Played a crucial role in making the Pala Empire a dominant power in eastern and northern India.
✧ His temporary occupation of Kanauj marked the high point of Pala influence in North India.★ Dharmapala, the second Pala ruler, temporarily occupied Kanauj and asserted dominance over northern India.
★ He was a key figure in the Tripartite Struggle involving the Palas, Pratiharas, and Rashtrakutas.
★ His reign contributed significantly to the revival of Buddhism and the expansion of Pala influence.Incorrect
➤ Dynasty: Pala Dynasty
➤ Reign: 770–810 CE (approx.)Key Highlights of Dharmapala’s Rule:
✧ Second ruler of the Pala Dynasty and son of Gopala, the founder of the dynasty.
✧ Expanded the Pala Empire across Bengal, Bihar, and parts of Uttar Pradesh.
✧ Known for his military campaigns to assert dominance over northern India.Occupation of Kanauj:
✧ Successfully defeated the rulers of Kanauj and temporarily occupied the city, which was a significant political and cultural center in North India.
✧ Installed a vassal king on the throne of Kanauj, asserting his supremacy in the Gangetic plains.
✧ Faced resistance from rival dynasties such as the Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas during his reign, leading to the famous Tripartite Struggle over the control of Kanauj.Patronage and Contributions:
✧ Major patron of Buddhism and supported famous Buddhist institutions like Nalanda University and Vikramashila University.
✧ Encouraged Buddhist scholars and contributed to the spread of Mahayana Buddhism across India and Southeast Asia.Significance:
✧ Played a crucial role in making the Pala Empire a dominant power in eastern and northern India.
✧ His temporary occupation of Kanauj marked the high point of Pala influence in North India.★ Dharmapala, the second Pala ruler, temporarily occupied Kanauj and asserted dominance over northern India.
★ He was a key figure in the Tripartite Struggle involving the Palas, Pratiharas, and Rashtrakutas.
★ His reign contributed significantly to the revival of Buddhism and the expansion of Pala influence. -
Question 22 of 25
22. Question
Who founded the Bombay Presidency Association in 1885 along with Pherozeshah Mehta and KT Telang?
Correct
➤ Founded in: 1885
➤ Co-founders:
✧ Pherozeshah Mehta
✧ K.T. TelangKey Objectives of the Bombay Presidency Association:
✧ Represented the political interests of the people of the Bombay Presidency during British colonial rule.
✧ Worked to promote constitutional reforms and civil rights for Indians under British governance.
✧ Aimed to address the grievances of Indians against unjust British policies and laws.Contributions of Badruddin Tyabji:
✧ First Indian Muslim barrister at the Bombay High Court.
✧ Later became the third President of the Indian National Congress (1887).
✧ Advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and was a pioneer in promoting secularism in Indian politics.Significance of the Bombay Presidency Association:
✧ Served as a platform for moderates to voice their concerns against British colonial policies.
✧ Played a crucial role in laying the foundation for the broader Indian National Movement.
✧ Worked closely with organizations like the Indian National Congress to push for constitutional reforms and greater representation for Indians in the British administration.Legacy:
✧ The association was instrumental in fostering political awareness and promoting Indian unity across different communities in the Bombay Presidency.
✧ Leaders like Badruddin Tyabji were early advocates for civil rights, legal reforms, and education for all communities, including Muslims and women.★ The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885 by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, and K.T. Telang.
★ It aimed to represent Indian interests and promote constitutional reforms under British rule.
★ Badruddin Tyabji’s efforts also contributed to Hindu-Muslim unity and laid the groundwork for the Indian independence movement.Incorrect
➤ Founded in: 1885
➤ Co-founders:
✧ Pherozeshah Mehta
✧ K.T. TelangKey Objectives of the Bombay Presidency Association:
✧ Represented the political interests of the people of the Bombay Presidency during British colonial rule.
✧ Worked to promote constitutional reforms and civil rights for Indians under British governance.
✧ Aimed to address the grievances of Indians against unjust British policies and laws.Contributions of Badruddin Tyabji:
✧ First Indian Muslim barrister at the Bombay High Court.
✧ Later became the third President of the Indian National Congress (1887).
✧ Advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and was a pioneer in promoting secularism in Indian politics.Significance of the Bombay Presidency Association:
✧ Served as a platform for moderates to voice their concerns against British colonial policies.
✧ Played a crucial role in laying the foundation for the broader Indian National Movement.
✧ Worked closely with organizations like the Indian National Congress to push for constitutional reforms and greater representation for Indians in the British administration.Legacy:
✧ The association was instrumental in fostering political awareness and promoting Indian unity across different communities in the Bombay Presidency.
✧ Leaders like Badruddin Tyabji were early advocates for civil rights, legal reforms, and education for all communities, including Muslims and women.★ The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885 by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, and K.T. Telang.
★ It aimed to represent Indian interests and promote constitutional reforms under British rule.
★ Badruddin Tyabji’s efforts also contributed to Hindu-Muslim unity and laid the groundwork for the Indian independence movement. -
Question 23 of 25
23. Question
Which of the following was the last dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct
➤ Founded by: Tirumala Deva Raya
➤ Period: 1542 CE – 1646 CE (approx.)
➤ Capital: Initially Penukonda, later moved to Chandragiri and then VelloreKey Highlights of the Aravidu Dynasty:
✧ The last ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire after the fall of the Tuluva dynasty.
✧ Founded by Tirumala Deva Raya, a general and brother of Rama Raya, who died in the Battle of Talikota (1565 CE).
✧ Continued to rule after the destruction of Hampi, the capital city, by the Deccan Sultanates following the battle.Key Events:
✧ Faced constant invasions from the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, and Ahmadnagar).
✧ Shifted the empire’s capitals multiple times due to political instability and external threats.
✧ Internal conflicts and weakened leadership led to the eventual decline of the dynasty.Significance:
✧ Marked the final phase of the Vijayanagara Empire’s political authority in southern India.
✧ Preserved remnants of the empire’s administrative structure, culture, and military organization despite being weakened.
✧ The fall of the Aravidu dynasty signaled the end of centralized rule in South India, giving rise to smaller regional kingdoms like Madurai and Tanjore.Legacy:
✧ Helped preserve Vijayanagara art, architecture, and literature during its decline.
✧ Maintained a symbolic legacy of resistance against foreign invasions in southern India.★ The Aravidu Dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded by Tirumala Deva Raya.
★ It continued to rule in diminished form after the fall of Hampi, marking the end of centralized Vijayanagara authority.
★ The dynasty’s decline led to the rise of smaller regional powers across southern India.Incorrect
➤ Founded by: Tirumala Deva Raya
➤ Period: 1542 CE – 1646 CE (approx.)
➤ Capital: Initially Penukonda, later moved to Chandragiri and then VelloreKey Highlights of the Aravidu Dynasty:
✧ The last ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire after the fall of the Tuluva dynasty.
✧ Founded by Tirumala Deva Raya, a general and brother of Rama Raya, who died in the Battle of Talikota (1565 CE).
✧ Continued to rule after the destruction of Hampi, the capital city, by the Deccan Sultanates following the battle.Key Events:
✧ Faced constant invasions from the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, and Ahmadnagar).
✧ Shifted the empire’s capitals multiple times due to political instability and external threats.
✧ Internal conflicts and weakened leadership led to the eventual decline of the dynasty.Significance:
✧ Marked the final phase of the Vijayanagara Empire’s political authority in southern India.
✧ Preserved remnants of the empire’s administrative structure, culture, and military organization despite being weakened.
✧ The fall of the Aravidu dynasty signaled the end of centralized rule in South India, giving rise to smaller regional kingdoms like Madurai and Tanjore.Legacy:
✧ Helped preserve Vijayanagara art, architecture, and literature during its decline.
✧ Maintained a symbolic legacy of resistance against foreign invasions in southern India.★ The Aravidu Dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded by Tirumala Deva Raya.
★ It continued to rule in diminished form after the fall of Hampi, marking the end of centralized Vijayanagara authority.
★ The dynasty’s decline led to the rise of smaller regional powers across southern India. -
Question 24 of 25
24. Question
Who among the following rulers was a part of the Tripartite Struggle for the possession of Kannauj?
Correct
➤ Dynasty: Pala Dynasty
➤ Reign: 770–810 CE (approx.)
➤ Region: Eastern India (Primarily Bengal and Bihar)What Was the Tripartite Struggle?
✧ A prolonged conflict for the control of Kannauj, a politically significant and wealthy city in North India.
✧ Fought among three powerful dynasties:
Palas (Eastern India – Bengal and Bihar)
Pratiharas (Western India – Rajasthan and Gujarat)
Rashtrakutas (Deccan region – Central and South India)
Role of Dharmapala in the Tripartite Struggle:
✧ Dharmapala, the second ruler of the Pala dynasty, aimed to expand his influence into North India.
✧ Defeated Indrayudha of Kannauj and placed a vassal ruler under his suzerainty.
✧ Faced opposition from the Gurjara-Pratihara ruler Vatsaraja, who challenged his hold over Kannauj.
✧ Later, the Rashtrakuta ruler Dhruva intervened, defeating both the Palas and Pratiharas temporarily.Outcome of the Struggle:
✧ Though Dharmapala initially succeeded in asserting control, the continuous rivalry made it difficult for any one dynasty to maintain lasting dominance over Kannauj.
✧ Eventually, the Pratiharas under Nagabhata II gained control over Kannauj.Significance of Dharmapala’s Involvement:
✧ Marked the peak of Pala power and influence in northern India.
✧ Strengthened the empire’s political presence beyond Bengal and Bihar.
✧ Contributed to the cultural and educational prominence of the Pala Empire, supporting institutions like Nalanda and Vikramashila universities.★ Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty was a key figure in the Tripartite Struggle for the control of Kannauj.
★ He expanded Pala influence in North India, though lasting dominance over Kannauj remained elusive due to continuous rivalries.
★ The struggle significantly shaped the political landscape of early medieval India.Incorrect
➤ Dynasty: Pala Dynasty
➤ Reign: 770–810 CE (approx.)
➤ Region: Eastern India (Primarily Bengal and Bihar)What Was the Tripartite Struggle?
✧ A prolonged conflict for the control of Kannauj, a politically significant and wealthy city in North India.
✧ Fought among three powerful dynasties:
Palas (Eastern India – Bengal and Bihar)
Pratiharas (Western India – Rajasthan and Gujarat)
Rashtrakutas (Deccan region – Central and South India)
Role of Dharmapala in the Tripartite Struggle:
✧ Dharmapala, the second ruler of the Pala dynasty, aimed to expand his influence into North India.
✧ Defeated Indrayudha of Kannauj and placed a vassal ruler under his suzerainty.
✧ Faced opposition from the Gurjara-Pratihara ruler Vatsaraja, who challenged his hold over Kannauj.
✧ Later, the Rashtrakuta ruler Dhruva intervened, defeating both the Palas and Pratiharas temporarily.Outcome of the Struggle:
✧ Though Dharmapala initially succeeded in asserting control, the continuous rivalry made it difficult for any one dynasty to maintain lasting dominance over Kannauj.
✧ Eventually, the Pratiharas under Nagabhata II gained control over Kannauj.Significance of Dharmapala’s Involvement:
✧ Marked the peak of Pala power and influence in northern India.
✧ Strengthened the empire’s political presence beyond Bengal and Bihar.
✧ Contributed to the cultural and educational prominence of the Pala Empire, supporting institutions like Nalanda and Vikramashila universities.★ Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty was a key figure in the Tripartite Struggle for the control of Kannauj.
★ He expanded Pala influence in North India, though lasting dominance over Kannauj remained elusive due to continuous rivalries.
★ The struggle significantly shaped the political landscape of early medieval India. -
Question 25 of 25
25. Question
Who was the Indian Buddhist monk who is credited with the development of many ancient martial art forms in the 5th century?
Correct
➤ Era: 5th–6th century CE
➤ Born in: Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
➤ Religion: Buddhism (Mahayana tradition)Key Contributions of Bodhidharma:
✧ Renowned as a Buddhist monk who traveled from India to China to spread the teachings of Zen Buddhism (known as Chan Buddhism in China).
✧ Credited with introducing physical training and martial arts techniques to the monks of the Shaolin Monastery in China.
✧ Combined meditative practices with physical exercises to improve both mental discipline and physical strength.Development of Martial Arts:
✧ Taught exercises that later evolved into the famous Shaolin Kung Fu.
✧ His teachings emphasized balance between mind and body, forming the foundation for many Asian martial arts, including:
Kung Fu (China)
Karate (Japan, influenced indirectly)
Silat (Southeast Asia)
Philosophical Contributions:
✧ Established Chan Buddhism in China, which later became known as Zen Buddhism in Japan.
✧ Focused on meditation, self-discipline, and the realization of inner enlightenment without reliance on written texts.Legacy:
✧ Revered as the patriarch of both Zen Buddhism and Shaolin martial arts.
✧ His teachings spread across East and Southeast Asia, influencing both spiritual practices and combat techniques.
✧ Statues of Bodhidharma are commonly found in Shaolin temples and martial arts schools around the world.★ Bodhidharma, an Indian Buddhist monk from the 5th century, is credited with developing early forms of martial arts at the Shaolin Monastery.
★ He introduced physical training to complement meditation, which later evolved into Shaolin Kung Fu.
★ His teachings laid the foundation for both martial arts traditions and Zen Buddhist philosophy.Incorrect
➤ Era: 5th–6th century CE
➤ Born in: Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
➤ Religion: Buddhism (Mahayana tradition)Key Contributions of Bodhidharma:
✧ Renowned as a Buddhist monk who traveled from India to China to spread the teachings of Zen Buddhism (known as Chan Buddhism in China).
✧ Credited with introducing physical training and martial arts techniques to the monks of the Shaolin Monastery in China.
✧ Combined meditative practices with physical exercises to improve both mental discipline and physical strength.Development of Martial Arts:
✧ Taught exercises that later evolved into the famous Shaolin Kung Fu.
✧ His teachings emphasized balance between mind and body, forming the foundation for many Asian martial arts, including:
Kung Fu (China)
Karate (Japan, influenced indirectly)
Silat (Southeast Asia)
Philosophical Contributions:
✧ Established Chan Buddhism in China, which later became known as Zen Buddhism in Japan.
✧ Focused on meditation, self-discipline, and the realization of inner enlightenment without reliance on written texts.Legacy:
✧ Revered as the patriarch of both Zen Buddhism and Shaolin martial arts.
✧ His teachings spread across East and Southeast Asia, influencing both spiritual practices and combat techniques.
✧ Statues of Bodhidharma are commonly found in Shaolin temples and martial arts schools around the world.★ Bodhidharma, an Indian Buddhist monk from the 5th century, is credited with developing early forms of martial arts at the Shaolin Monastery.
★ He introduced physical training to complement meditation, which later evolved into Shaolin Kung Fu.
★ His teachings laid the foundation for both martial arts traditions and Zen Buddhist philosophy.