➤ As per Census of India, a literate is a person aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding in any language.
★ This definition helps in calculating the literacy rate during census operations.

➤ The Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956 promoted regional balance, introduced licensing, and classified industries into Schedule A, B, and C, but it did not directly form the basis of the Third Plan.
★ The Third Five-Year Plan (1961–66) was based on Mahalanobis Model, not directly the 1956 policy.

➤ NNP at factor cost divided by total population gives Per Capita Income, which reflects the average income per person.
★ It is a key indicator for living standards and economic development.

➤ P Chidambaram is a politician and former Finance Minister, not associated with the Green Revolution, unlike Swaminathan, Borlaug, and Subramaniam.
★ Green Revolution was key in increasing agricultural productivity in India.

➤ The Child Sex Ratio (0–6 years) in Census 2011 was 919 females per 1000 males, showing a decline from 927 in 2001.
★ Indicates gender bias and challenges in female child survival.

➤ Revenue deficit means the government’s revenue expenditure is higher than its revenue receipts, and it includes interest payments.
★ Indicates government’s inability to meet regular expenses through its income.

➤ As per Public Affairs Index 2020, Kerala ranked first among large states in governance performance.
★ Kerala scored high in areas like education, health, and inclusiveness.

➤ Public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, like defense, which everyone benefits from without reducing its availability.
★ A house is a private good; defense is a classic public good.

➤ P.C. Mahalanobis designed the Second Five-Year Plan using a heavy-industry-led growth model; he didn’t establish IIMs or serve as a minister.
★ Known as the Father of Indian Statistics, he shaped early economic planning.

➤ Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide microcredit to the rural poor without collateral.
★ Grameen Bank became a model for microfinance institutions worldwide.

➤ MUDRA was launched in 2015 under Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) to provide financial support to micro and small enterprises.
★ It offers Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun category loans to support small entrepreneurs.

➤ Demographic dividend occurs when the working-age population grows larger than the non-working dependents, boosting economic growth.
★ India is currently experiencing this demographic advantage.

➤ Muhammad Yunus is considered the father of modern microfinance, known for providing small loans to the poor to promote self-employment.
★ He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.

➤ As per Census 2011, Puducherry recorded a sex ratio of 1037 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average.
★ This reflects better gender balance in the region.

➤ National income in India is calculated at factor cost, which includes payments to factors of production like wages, rent, interest, and profit.
★ Factor cost excludes indirect taxes and subsidies.

➤ As per Census 2011, Mumbai was the most populous metro, followed by Delhi, making it the second highest in terms of urban population.
★ Delhi showed rapid population growth due to migration and urban expansion.

➤ National income is calculated by adding Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA) to Net Domestic Product at Factor Cost.
★ National Income = NDPFC + NFIA.

➤ Green Revolution was more effective in wheat than rice, and the area under wheat expanded more. But rice yield did not outgrow wheat, so statement (i) is incorrect.
★ Wheat benefited earlier and more due to better irrigation and seed varieties.

➤ When demand for money is less than the actual requirement, people spend money faster, increasing its velocity of circulation.
★ High velocity reflects greater economic activity and frequent use of money.

➤ India’s health care system follows a Three-tier structure: Primary Health Centres (PHCs) at the base, Community Health Centres (CHCs) at the intermediate level, and District/Referral hospitals at the top.
★ This system ensures step-wise access to health services, from rural to urban and specialized care.

➤ As per Census 2011, Serchhip district in Mizoram recorded the highest literacy rate among all districts in India.
★ Serchhip had a literacy rate of 98.76%, making it the most literate district.

➤ According to the National Survey of India 2022, the male literacy rate in India was 84.7%, showing a steady improvement.
★ This indicates the gender gap in literacy is reducing gradually with better education access.

➤ The 2011 Census recorded a total of 640 districts in India. This number has increased in recent years due to administrative restructuring.
★ Census 2011 is a critical data source for district-wise planning and development.

➤ The Green Revolution made India self-sufficient in food grains, especially wheat and rice. However, it caused soil nutrient depletion due to monoculture and groundwater overuse from excessive irrigation.
★ All three statements are factually correct, showing both the benefits and environmental costs of the Green Revolution.

➤ At market equilibrium, the quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, so there’s no excess demand or supply.
★ This balance ensures stable prices in a perfectly competitive market.