➤ Uranium-235 is a fissile isotope used as a primary fuel in nuclear reactors to generate electricity.
➤ It undergoes fission reactions, releasing a large amount of energy.
★ It is the most commonly used nuclear fuel in power generation.

➤ Milk of magnesia is a suspension of magnesium hydroxide ($\text{Mg(OH)}_2$) in water.
➤ It is used as an antacid and a laxative.
★ It neutralizes excess stomach acid effectively.

➤ The molecular formula $\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2$ corresponds to Methanamine – a primary amine with one carbon.
★ It is the simplest aliphatic amine.

➤ When an acid reacts with a metal, it releases hydrogen gas and forms a salt.
★ Example: $\text{Zn} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2$↑

➤ A cyclotron is a device that accelerates charged particles using a magnetic field and electric field in a circular path.
★ Used in nuclear physics and medical applications.

➤ An aerosol is a colloidal system in which solid or liquid particles are dispersed in a gas.
★ Examples: Fog, deodorant spray, smoke.

➤ Venus has a dense atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide, with thick clouds of sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄).
★ These clouds contribute to its high surface temperature and greenhouse effect.

➤ Clove oil is an olfactory indicator, meaning it changes smell in acidic or basic solutions.
★ It is used in acid-base titrations for those with visual impairment.

➤ Pyranose structure of glucose resembles pyran, which is a 6-membered ring with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen.
★ Pyranose and furanose forms are cyclic representations of sugars.

➤ Fractional crystallisation is used to separate solids with different solubilities by cooling a hot solution gradually.
★ It is commonly used in purification of salts.

➤ The Hardy-Schulze rule states that greater the valency of oppositely charged ions, more effective they are in coagulating colloids.
★ Trivalent ions coagulate better than bivalent or monovalent ones.

➤ Acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride replaces all OH groups with acetyl groups, forming glucose pentaacetate.
★ It confirms the presence of five -OH groups in glucose.

➤ Anthracene is a non-polar aromatic compound, hence dissolves well in benzene, a non-polar solvent.
★ Based on the principle “like dissolves like”.

➤ An electrochemical cell works on indirect redox reactions, where oxidation and reduction occur in separate half-cells.
★ Example: Daniell cell.

➤ Hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) has a trigonal pyramidal geometry due to lone pair on oxygen.
★ It is responsible for acidic nature of water.

➤ Krypton-86 radiation wavelength was used in 1960 to define the metre, providing a more precise standard than physical bars.
★ Later replaced by speed of light in vacuum.

➤ In 1923, Bronsted and Lowry proposed that acids donate protons (H⁺) and bases accept protons.
★ It expanded acid-base theory beyond aqueous solutions.

➤ Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine into tyrosine by adding a hydroxyl group (-OH). Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid synthesized in this way.
★ Deficiency of this enzyme leads to phenylketonuria (PKU).

➤ In 1827, Robert Brown observed random zigzag movement of particles in a fluid, now called Brownian motion, which supported kinetic theory of matter.
★ It is a characteristic property of colloidal particles.

➤ Rhamnose is a methyl pentose sugar (deoxy sugar), which slightly deviates from the general formula of carbohydrates ($\text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n}\text{O}_n$).
★ Though a sugar, it doesn’t conform to the standard $\text{CH}_2\text{O}$ formula that defines most carbohydrates.

➤ Tincture of iodine is a solution where solid iodine is dissolved in liquid alcohol, forming a solid in liquid solution.
★ It’s commonly used as an antiseptic.

➤ Henry Moseley showed that atomic number, not atomic mass, determines an element’s properties, using X-ray spectra.
★ This discovery corrected Mendeleev’s periodic table placement issues.