World Leprosy Day: Last Sunday Of January
• Theme 2025: “Unite. Act. Eliminate”
• Leprosy → Bacterial Disease
• Caused by bacterium → Mycobacterium Leprae

System Developed By: Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
• SANJAY: An automated battlefield surveillance system that collects data from → ground and aerial sensors
• Purpose → To monitor the vast land borders

Theme 2025: Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure
• Election Commission – Constitutional Body (Article 324)
• Established: 25 Jan 1950

Composition –
• 3 Election Commissioner (1 Chief EC + 2 Other EC)
• Appointed By: President
• Tenure: 6 Years (Or Age 65 Years)

Theme: Collaboration for the intelligent age
• Held at → Davos, Switzerland

WEF –
• Founded: 1971
• HQ: Cologny, Switzerland
• Founder: Klaus Schwab

ISRO Successfully germinated → Lobia (black-eyed pea) seeds in space
• As part of its → Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS)
• CROPS Module: Developed by ISRO → To study plant growth in space under microgravity

Theme 2025: Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena (Capable India, Empowered Army)

India Army –
• Established → 1 April 1895 Under British Rule
• Why 15 Jan: 15 Jan 1949 → Lieutenant General KM Cariappa Was The First Indian → Who Became The Head Of Indian Forces
• Indian Airforce Day: O8 Oct, Indian Navy Day: 4 Dec

Designed → To protect military personnel in extreme temperatures from +20°C to -60°C.

Z-Morh
• Inaugurated by: PM Modi
• Connecting → Gagangir and Sonamarg
• Length: 6.5 km

First Human Death from H5N1 Bird Flu in Louisiana (USA)
• H5N1 Bird Flu: Influenza virus that primarily infect birds, but can also infect humans
• H1N1 Virus: Related To » Swine Flu (UPSC – 2015)
• H5N1 Virus: Related To » Bird Flu

Rajagopala Chidambaram: Nuclear Physicist
• Played a key role in the nuclear tests of 1974 (Smiling Buddha) and 1998 (Operation Shakti)

Awards –
Padma Shri → 1975
Padma Vibhushan → 1999

38th National Games –
• Host State → UTTRAKHAND
• Mascot: “Mauli” → Inspired by the Monal {State bird of Uttarakhand}
• Tagline: “Sankalp Se Shikhar Tak” (From Resolve to Zenith)

Kanyakumari Glass Bridge: IND’s 1st Glass Bridge on Sea
• Inaugurated By → Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin

GDP: Annual value of goods and services produced within a country
• Green GDP: Environmentally adjusted gross domestic product (GDP)
• Green GDP = NDP (Net Domestic Product) − Cost of Natural Resource Depletion – Cost of Ecosystem Degradation
• Cost of Natural Resource Depletion → Value lost due to overuse of natural resources
• Cost of Ecosystem Degradation → Value lost from environmental damage {Ex – Pollution, Deforestation}

Project VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources)
• Aim: To enhance the efficiency of the → Agricultural extension system through digitalisation
• It Contains Details Of → 12,000 Start-ups In » Agriculture and Farming Sectors

KAAMYA KARTHIKEYAN: 17 Years Old (Youngest Female at World) → From Mumbai

• Highest Peaks On 7 Continents –
1. Africa: Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)
2. Europe: Mount Elbrus (Russia)
3. Australia: Mount Kosciuszko (Australia)
4. South America: Mount Aconcagua (Argentina)
5. North America: Mount Denali (USA)
6. Asia: Mount Everest (Nepal)
7. Antarctica: Mount Vinson (Antarctica)

Why In News: Recent Study, published in Science Advances → Provided Timing and Duration of Ocean Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a).
• By Studying → Prehistoric rocks and fossils from Mount Ashibetsu, Japan
• OAE 1a → Occurred during Cretaceous Period (145M years ago) → when Earth’s oceans became depleted of oxygen (Lack of O2)
• Why It Happened Due To → Massive Volcanic Eruption in the Ocean → CO2 ↑, Global Warming ↑, O2 ↓

17 Children In 7 Categories → Art, Culture,Bravery, Innovation, Social Service, Sports & Environment
• Presented By → President Draupadi Murmu
• Cash Prize: ₹1 Lakh/ Each

Finance Secretary: Administrative head & principal adviser of → Ministry of inance
• Formation: 1947
• Term: 2 Years
• Replaced: T.V. Somanathan

NADI TARANGINI: Advanced AIpowered Pulse Diagnostic Device
• Approved by: Central Drugs Standard ontrol Organization (CDSCO)

16 Jan 2016: “Startup India” Was aunched
• Announced by: PM Modi in 2022

Celebrated On The → Birth anniversary of “Swami Vivekananda”
• Theme 2025: “Celebrating the Power of Youth.”
• Swami Vivekananda: Indian philosopher
• He Introduced Hinduism → At “Parliament of the World’s Religions” » In Chicago in 1893

IDBI BANK
• Founded: 1964
• HQ: Mumbai

Why In News → GBS cases seen in the Pune, Maharashtra
• GBS → Neurological Disorder
• In Which Body’s immune system → attacks nervous system

ISRO’s → Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
• Located In → Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala